Admixture मिश्रण सहायक पदार्थ
A material added in a small quantity to concrete or mortar to change setting, flow or durability.
Practical check: Use only at the maker's stated dose and after mix-design review.
ThekedarBhai knowledge
Construction Terms and Tools Glossary
Understand common words used for house planning, materials, tools, structural work, waterproofing, electrical work and finishing. Search English, Hindi or a familiar site term for a plain meaning and practical checks.
184 controlled terms · Hindi and English
A
Aggregate गिट्टी या भराव कण
Sand, gravel or crushed stone combined with cement and water to make mortar or concrete.
Practical check: Source, grading and cleanliness affect performance; test for structural work.
Air entrainment कंक्रीट में सूक्ष्म वायु मिलाना
Controlled microscopic air bubbles introduced into concrete to improve workability and freeze-thaw resistance.
Practical check: Incorrect dosage can reduce strength; use a verified mix design.
Angle grinder एंगल ग्राइंडर
A handheld powered tool used with suitable discs to cut, grind or polish metal, masonry or tile.
Practical check: Wear eye, face and hearing protection; use the correct guarded disc.
Apron भवन के चारों ओर ढलानदार पट्टी
A paved or concrete strip beside a building that helps carry surface water away from walls.
Practical check: Slope and outlet must not send water toward foundations or neighbours.
Arch मेहराब
A curved structural or decorative form spanning an opening and transferring load to its supports.
Practical check: Structural arches require proper geometry, support and engineering review.
Autoclaved aerated concrete ऑटोक्लेव्ड एरेटेड कंक्रीट ब्लॉक
A lightweight factory-made masonry block containing many small air pores.
Practical check: Use compatible mortar, anchors and detailing recommended for AAC.
B
Backfill नींव या खाई में दोबारा भरी मिट्टी
Soil or selected material placed and compacted around foundations, trenches or retaining structures.
Practical check: Fill in controlled layers and keep unsuitable organic or wet soil out.
Bar bending schedule सरिया काटने-मोड़ने की सूची
A table showing reinforcement bar marks, diameters, shapes, lengths, quantities and weights.
Practical check: A qualified structural professional should approve reinforcement details.
Base course आधार परत
A compacted load-spreading layer below paving, flooring or a road surface.
Practical check: Thickness and material depend on soil, drainage and expected load.
Beam बीम या धरन
A horizontal or sloping structural member that carries loads to columns, walls or other supports.
Practical check: Do not size, cut or alter a structural beam without an engineer.
Bearing wall भार वहन करने वाली दीवार
A wall that supports weight from floors, roofs or other building elements in addition to its own weight.
Practical check: Never remove or open it without structural assessment and temporary support.
Bitumen बिटुमेन या डामर बाइंडर
A dark petroleum-based binder used in road work and some waterproofing systems.
Practical check: Hot application and fumes require trained handling and fire precautions.
Block masonry ब्लॉक चिनाई
Walls built by joining concrete, AAC or other manufactured blocks with mortar or adhesive.
Practical check: Block type, jointing and reinforcement must suit the design and height.
Bonding agent जोड़ मजबूत करने वाला पदार्थ
A liquid or slurry used to improve adhesion between old and new concrete, plaster or repair material.
Practical check: Prepare the surface and follow open-time and compatibility instructions.
Borewell बोरवेल या नलकूप
A narrow drilled well that accesses groundwater through a casing and pump.
Practical check: Permissions, water quality, safe yield and electrical earthing need local checks.
Brick ईंट
A small masonry unit, commonly fired clay or concrete, used to build walls and other work.
Practical check: Check dimensions, strength, absorption and suitability for the intended work.
Brick bat ईंट का टुकड़ा
A cut or broken portion of a brick used only where the specification permits it.
Practical check: Do not substitute random broken bricks in structural or specified full-brick work.
Building line निर्माण सीमा रेखा
The prescribed line beyond which a building generally may not project on a plot.
Practical check: Confirm the sanctioned plan and local authority rules before construction.
C
Cantilever एक तरफ से सहारा लिया निकला भाग
A member fixed at one end and projecting without a support at the other end.
Practical check: Cantilevers need structural design, reinforcement and deflection control.
Carpet area दीवारों के भीतर उपयोग योग्य फर्श क्षेत्र
The usable floor area inside a unit, measured within internal wall faces under the applicable definition.
Practical check: Use the definition required by the relevant law or agreement; labels vary.
Ceiling कमरे की अंदरूनी छत
The overhead interior surface of a room, whether directly finished or suspended below the structure.
Practical check: Inspect dampness or structural cracks before concealing them.
Cement सीमेंट
A powdered binder that reacts with water and binds sand and aggregate in mortar or concrete.
Practical check: Store dry, check grade and freshness, and use the specified mix.
Centre line मध्य रेखा
A reference line through the centre of a wall, footing, road or other element used for setting out and measurement.
Practical check: Verify dimensions and offsets against the approved drawing before excavation.
Chemical anchor रासायनिक एंकर
A resin-based fixing that bonds a threaded rod or reinforcing bar into a drilled hole.
Practical check: Capacity depends on substrate, hole cleaning, depth, curing and certified design.
Chajja छज्जा
A projecting slab or shade above an opening that helps protect it from sun and rain.
Practical check: Provide structural reinforcement, outward slope and a drip detail.
Column स्तंभ या कॉलम
A mainly vertical structural member that transfers loads down to foundations or other supports.
Practical check: Column size and reinforcement must come from an approved structural design.
Compaction दबाकर घनत्व बढ़ाना
The process of densifying soil, fill or fresh concrete by reducing voids.
Practical check: Use appropriate equipment and tests; over-wet or under-compacted fill can fail.
Concrete कंक्रीट
A composite made from cement, water, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate, sometimes with admixtures.
Practical check: Structural concrete requires controlled proportions, placement, compaction and curing.
Conduit तार या पाइप की सुरक्षा नली
A tube that routes and protects electrical wires or other services through a building.
Practical check: Use the correct type and fill; avoid sharp bends and structural damage.
Construction joint निर्माण रोक का जोड़
A planned interface where one concrete placement ends and a later placement begins.
Practical check: Location and surface preparation should follow the structural specification.
Cover block सरिया का कवर बनाए रखने वाला ब्लॉक
A spacer that holds reinforcement at the required distance from a concrete surface.
Practical check: Use specified cover and compatible durable blocks; do not use loose rubble.
Curing नमी बनाए रखकर पकाना
Maintaining suitable moisture and temperature after placing concrete, mortar or plaster so it develops intended properties.
Practical check: Method and duration depend on material, weather and specification.
D
Damp-proof course सीलन रोक परत
A continuous barrier near plinth level intended to reduce moisture rising through walls.
Practical check: Continuity and junction detailing matter; diagnose other damp sources too.
Dead load स्थायी भार
The weight of fixed building components and permanently attached materials.
Practical check: Structural load calculations belong to a qualified engineer.
Demolition तोड़ाई या ध्वस्तीकरण
Controlled dismantling or removal of a building element or structure.
Practical check: Check utilities, permits, hazardous materials and temporary stability first.
Density घनत्व
Mass per unit volume of a material, used in weight, load and quantity calculations.
Practical check: Use a value for the actual material and moisture condition, not a generic guess.
Distribution board विद्युत वितरण पैनल
An enclosure containing protective devices that distribute electricity to separate circuits.
Practical check: Design, installation and testing must be done by a competent electrician.
Door frame दरवाज़े की चौखट
The fixed surround in a wall opening to which a door shutter and hardware are attached.
Practical check: Check anchorage, plumb, termite protection and wet-area suitability.
Dowel bar जोड़ के आर-पार भार देने वाली सरिया
A smooth or detailed bar that transfers load across a joint while allowing intended movement.
Practical check: Dowel size, spacing, embedment and bond condition are design-specific.
Drainage पानी निकासी व्यवस्था
The system of slopes, channels and pipes that safely carries rainwater or wastewater away.
Practical check: Keep stormwater and sewage arrangements compliant with local requirements.
E
Earthing विद्युत अर्थिंग
A protective connection that provides a controlled path to earth for fault current.
Practical check: A licensed or competent electrician should design and test the system.
Efflorescence सतह पर सफेद नमक जमना
A white crystalline deposit left when dissolved salts move with moisture and dry on masonry or concrete.
Practical check: Find and control the moisture source before cosmetic cleaning.
Elevation भवन का बाहरी सीधा दृश्य
A scaled drawing or view of one vertical face of a building.
Practical check: A visual elevation alone does not replace structural or approval drawings.
Emulsion paint पानी आधारित इमल्शन पेंट
A commonly used water-thinnable coating for prepared interior or exterior surfaces, depending on product type.
Practical check: Match the product to substrate and exposure; follow surface-preparation guidance.
Expansion joint तापीय फैलाव के लिए जोड़
A designed separation that allows parts of a structure or finish to move without uncontrolled cracking.
Practical check: Location and detailing require design coordination; do not rigidly bridge the joint.
Excavator खुदाई मशीन
A powered machine with a boom and bucket used for excavation, lifting and site work.
Practical check: Only trained operators should work after utility and ground checks.
F
False ceiling लटकाई गई अंदरूनी छत
A secondary ceiling suspended below the structural slab or roof to conceal services or improve appearance and performance.
Practical check: Plan access, load support, moisture resistance and fire-safe materials.
Fascia छत किनारे की पट्टी
A finishing board or face at the edge of a roof, canopy or gutter line.
Practical check: Detail for drainage, wind exposure and corrosion or rot resistance.
Fine aggregate बारीक भराव या रेत
Aggregate mainly passing the specified small sieve size, commonly natural sand or manufactured sand.
Practical check: Check grading, silt and source suitability for the intended mix.
Finishing अंतिम सतह और रूप देने का काम
Work that gives completed surfaces their required appearance, texture and protection.
Practical check: Inspect substrate quality before covering defects with finishes.
Flashing जोड़ पर पानी रोकने की पतली परत
A shaped waterproof material installed at roof, wall and opening junctions to divert water.
Practical check: Continuity, laps and termination details are essential to prevent leakage.
Floor area ratio प्लॉट क्षेत्र के अनुपात में कुल निर्मित फर्श क्षेत्र
A planning ratio comparing total counted floor area with plot area under local rules.
Practical check: Definitions, exclusions and limits are authority-specific; verify locally.
Footing नींव का भार फैलाने वाला भाग
The lower foundation element that spreads wall or column loads to the ground.
Practical check: Size and depth require soil and structural design inputs.
G
Gabion तार जाली में भरा पत्थर ढांचा
A wire-mesh cage filled with stone, used for retaining, erosion control or drainage work.
Practical check: Mesh coating, foundation and hydraulic conditions need project-specific design.
Galvanized iron जस्ता-लेपित लोहा या स्टील
Steel or iron protected with a zinc coating to slow corrosion.
Practical check: Cut edges and incompatible metals can still corrode; use suitable joints.
Geotextile मिट्टी के काम में प्रयुक्त पारगम्य कपड़ा
A permeable synthetic fabric used for separation, filtration, drainage or reinforcement in ground work.
Practical check: Select grade and installation method for the soil and function.
Gradient ढाल या प्रवणता
The rate of rise or fall over a horizontal distance, often expressed as a ratio or percentage.
Practical check: Required slope depends on use, finish and drainage design.
Granite ग्रेनाइट पत्थर
A hard natural stone used for flooring, stairs, counters and cladding.
Practical check: Check finish, thickness, support, sealing and slip risk in wet areas.
Grout पतला भराव मिश्रण
A flowable material used to fill joints, voids or spaces beneath plates and around anchors.
Practical check: Use the correct grout type and follow water, placement and curing limits.
Gypsum plaster जिप्सम आधारित अंदरूनी प्लास्टर
A gypsum-based factory product applied to suitable internal surfaces for a smooth finish.
Practical check: Protect from persistent moisture and use a compatible substrate system.
H
Handrail हाथ पकड़ने की रेलिंग
A graspable rail provided along stairs, ramps or edges to support users.
Practical check: Height, continuity, grip and fixing must meet applicable safety rules.
Hardener सतह या मिश्रण कठोर करने वाला उत्पाद
A product used to improve surface wear resistance or to activate a coating or resin system.
Practical check: Identify the exact system; products called hardener are not interchangeable.
Headroom सिर के ऊपर उपलब्ध साफ ऊंचाई
The clear vertical distance available above a stair, passage or occupied area.
Practical check: Check applicable minimums and measure at the most restrictive point.
Honeycombing कंक्रीट में खाली और पथरीले छेद
Voids and exposed aggregate in hardened concrete caused by poor placement, leakage or compaction.
Practical check: Have significant or structural honeycombing assessed before patching.
Hoop iron चिनाई में दी जाने वाली पतली धातु पट्टी
A thin metal strip historically used in masonry joints for tying or reinforcement.
Practical check: Use only where specified; modern reinforcement systems may be more appropriate.
I
Impermeability पानी न गुजरने की क्षमता
The degree to which a material or system resists passage of water under stated conditions.
Practical check: No system is universally waterproof; joints and workmanship control performance.
Interior design अंदरूनी स्थान की उपयोगी और दृश्य योजना
Planning interior layout, finishes, lighting, furniture and services for function and appearance.
Practical check: Coordinate fire, ventilation, electrical and structural constraints.
Invert level पाइप या नाली के अंदरूनी तल का स्तर
The elevation of the lowest inside point of a pipe, drain or channel.
Practical check: Survey accurately so gravity drainage has continuous fall.
Iron rod सरिया
A common site term for steel reinforcement bars used in reinforced concrete.
Practical check: Specify steel grade and diameter; 'iron rod' is not a sufficient purchase specification.
Isolation joint अलगाव जोड़
A separation that prevents a slab or element from bonding to an adjoining column, wall or equipment base.
Practical check: Detail the compressible filler and sealant for the expected movement and exposure.
J
Jaali हवादार जालीदार स्क्रीन
A perforated screen or ventilating grille made from masonry, concrete, metal or other material.
Practical check: Openings must still address security, insects, rain and fall protection.
Joist फर्श या छत को सहारा देने वाली छोटी समानांतर बीम
One of a series of parallel members supporting a floor, ceiling or roof deck.
Practical check: Span, spacing, bearing and connections require structural design.
Joint sealant जोड़ बंद करने वाला लचीला पदार्थ
A flexible material placed in a joint to limit water, air or debris entry while allowing movement.
Practical check: Select for substrate, movement, UV and wet exposure; prepare joint correctly.
Junction box बिजली तार जोड़ने का सुरक्षित डिब्बा
An enclosure where electrical conductors are joined, branched or terminated.
Practical check: Keep accessible and use proper connectors; do not bury unsafe loose joints.
K
Kerb किनारे की उठी पट्टी
A raised edge, usually concrete or stone, separating paving, road or landscape areas.
Practical check: Provide stable bedding, alignment and drainage openings where required.
Keyway जोड़ में कतरनी रोकने वाला खांचा
A formed groove or recess at a concrete joint intended to improve mechanical interlock.
Practical check: Location and dimensions should follow structural and waterproofing details.
Khaprail मिट्टी की छत टाइल
A traditional fired-clay roofing tile used on sloping roofs.
Practical check: Check support, overlap, wind resistance and waterproof underlay.
Kharanja ईंट या पत्थर की बिछी सतह
A traditional paved surface made from bricks or stone, often for lanes, yards or rural paths.
Practical check: Prepare and compact the base and provide drainage fall.
L
Landing सीढ़ी के बीच समतल प्लेटफॉर्म
A level platform at the top, bottom or between flights of stairs.
Practical check: Size, headroom and guarding must follow applicable safety requirements.
Lap length सरिया जोड़ की ओवरलैप लंबाई
The overlap provided where reinforcing bars transfer force from one bar to another by bond.
Practical check: Required length depends on design, bar, concrete and location; do not guess.
Lateral load बगल की दिशा में लगने वाला भार
A horizontal load on a building, such as from wind, earthquake or earth pressure.
Practical check: Analysis and resisting systems require a structural engineer.
Lean concrete कम सीमेंट वाला साधारण कंक्रीट
Relatively low-cement concrete commonly used as a clean, level base below structural work.
Practical check: Use the specified grade and thickness; it is not a substitute for RCC.
Level tube पानी से स्तर मिलाने वाली पारदर्शी नली
A clear hose partly filled with water, used to transfer the same level between points.
Practical check: Remove bubbles and avoid kinks; verify critical work with calibrated equipment.
Lintel दरवाज़े या खिड़की के ऊपर भार लेने वाला सदस्य
A horizontal member spanning an opening and supporting the wall or load above it.
Practical check: Span, bearing and reinforcement must suit the supported load.
Live load उपयोग से बदलने वाला भार
A variable load from occupants, furniture, storage or movable use rather than permanent construction.
Practical check: Use code-appropriate occupancy loads in structural design.
M
M-sand पत्थर से बनाई गई निर्मित रेत
Manufactured fine aggregate produced by crushing and grading rock for suitable construction uses.
Practical check: Verify grading, fines and suitability for the intended mix and finish.
Marble संगमरमर
A natural stone used for flooring, wall finishes, stairs and decorative work.
Practical check: Check thickness, support, staining, slip and maintenance needs.
Mason राजमिस्त्री
A skilled worker who builds and finishes brick, block, stone, plaster or related masonry work.
Practical check: Check relevant experience and supervise work against drawings and specifications.
Masonry ईंट, ब्लॉक या पत्थर की चिनाई
Construction made by joining units such as bricks, blocks or stones, usually with mortar.
Practical check: Unit, bond, mortar and reinforcement must match the wall's purpose.
Measurement book काम की माप का आधिकारिक रिकॉर्ड
A structured record of measured completed work used for quantity verification and payment.
Practical check: Entries should be dated, traceable and checked against drawings and site work.
Membrane waterproofing झिल्ली आधारित जलरोधक प्रणाली
A continuous sheet or liquid-applied layer designed to resist water entry.
Practical check: Substrate, laps, terminations, protection and flood testing determine success.
Mix ratio मिश्रण अनुपात
The stated proportion of ingredients in mortar, concrete or another construction mixture.
Practical check: Nominal ratios do not replace engineered mix design for structural concrete.
Modular kitchen मॉड्यूल से बनी रसोई व्यवस्था
A kitchen assembled from standardized cabinet units coordinated with counters, appliances and services.
Practical check: Confirm moisture resistance, ventilation, service access and hardware quality.
Moisture meter सामग्री की नमी मापने का यंत्र
A handheld instrument that estimates moisture in wood, walls or other materials using a stated method.
Practical check: Readings depend on material and calibration; confirm serious dampness by investigation.
Mortar चिनाई या प्लास्टर का मसाला
A workable mixture of binder, fine aggregate and water used to join masonry or form a finish.
Practical check: Use the specified proportions and avoid excessive water or retempering.
N
Natural sand प्राकृतिक नदी या खदान की रेत
Fine aggregate obtained from natural deposits and processed as required for construction.
Practical check: Confirm legal source, grading, cleanliness and suitability for the work.
Niche दीवार में बना छोटा खांचा
A recessed space formed in a wall for storage, display or services.
Practical check: Do not cut structural walls or concealed services without assessment.
Nominal mix पूर्व निर्धारित सामान्य मिश्रण अनुपात
A concrete or mortar mix described by fixed ingredient proportions rather than a laboratory-designed performance mix.
Practical check: Use only where permitted; structural requirements may demand a designed mix.
Non-load-bearing wall भार न उठाने वाली विभाजन दीवार
A wall intended mainly to divide or enclose space without supporting floors or roofs above.
Practical check: It may still contain services or provide bracing; verify before removal.
Nosing सीढ़ी के पायदान का आगे निकला किनारा
The front edge of a stair tread, sometimes projecting beyond the riser.
Practical check: Keep dimensions consistent and use a slip-resistant, visible edge.
O
One-way slab मुख्यतः एक दिशा में भार देने वाली स्लैब
A slab designed to span and bend primarily in one direction between supports.
Practical check: Slab behaviour and reinforcement must be determined by structural design.
Open foundation खुली खुदाई में बनाई उथली नींव
A shallow foundation constructed in an open excavation, such as isolated, strip or combined footing.
Practical check: Soil, groundwater, depth and adjacent structures require professional assessment.
Outlet निकास बिंदु
The point where water, wastewater, air or another service leaves a pipe, tank or space.
Practical check: Route discharge legally and safely without erosion, backflow or nuisance.
Overhead tank ऊंचाई पर रखी पानी की टंकी
A water storage tank installed above use points so water can flow by gravity or pressure arrangement.
Practical check: Check structural support, hygiene, overflow, access and anchorage.
P
Parapet छत या बालकनी किनारे की नीची सुरक्षा दीवार
A low wall or barrier at the edge of a roof, terrace, balcony or similar level.
Practical check: Height, stability, openings and waterproof junctions must meet safety rules.
Partition wall स्थान बांटने वाली हल्की दीवार
An internal wall used to divide spaces, usually without carrying the main structure.
Practical check: Coordinate fire, acoustic, moisture and service requirements.
Paver block बिछाने वाला प्रीकास्ट कंक्रीट ब्लॉक
A precast unit laid over a prepared base to form a driveway, path or paved area.
Practical check: Choose thickness and base for the load; provide edge restraint and fall.
Pedestal छोटा ऊंचा आधार
A short support or raised base carrying a column, machine, tank, paver or other element.
Practical check: Load, anchorage and reinforcement are application-specific.
Plaster दीवार या छत पर चढ़ी समतल मसाला परत
A protective and finishing coat applied over masonry, concrete or another suitable background.
Practical check: Prepare the substrate, control thickness and cure cement plaster properly.
Plinth जमीन और फर्श के बीच भवन का निचला भाग
The portion of a building between surrounding ground level and finished floor level.
Practical check: Set level with drainage, flood risk and sanctioned drawings in mind.
Plinth beam प्लिंथ स्तर की संरचनात्मक बीम
A reinforced beam near plinth level that ties supports or carries wall loads as designed.
Practical check: Size and reinforcement must come from the structural design.
Plumbing trap गैस रोकने वाला पानी-सील पाइप मोड़
A fitting that retains water to block sewer gases while allowing wastewater flow.
Practical check: Maintain the water seal and ventilation; correct trap choice depends on layout.
Plywood लकड़ी की परतों से बनी शीट
An engineered panel made by bonding thin wood veneers with their grain directions arranged for stability.
Practical check: Select grade and adhesive class for moisture, load and interior use.
Pozzolana सीमेंट के साथ प्रतिक्रिया करने वाला सिलिका पदार्थ
A siliceous or aluminosiliceous material that reacts with lime in the presence of water to form cementitious compounds.
Practical check: Performance depends on source and specification; do not assume all ash is suitable.
Primer ऊपरी कोट से पहले लगाई आधार परत
A preparatory coating that improves adhesion, seals a surface or supports corrosion protection.
Practical check: Use a primer compatible with the substrate and finish system.
Property line प्लॉट की कानूनी सीमा
The legally established boundary of a land parcel.
Practical check: Use title and authorized survey records; do not rely only on existing walls.
Putty पेंट से पहले सतह समतल करने की पतली सामग्री
A fine finishing compound applied in thin coats to smooth prepared walls before painting.
Practical check: Fix dampness and loose plaster first; keep coat thickness within product limits.
Q
Quality control निर्धारित गुणवत्ता की जांच और रिकॉर्ड
Planned inspection, testing and documentation used to verify that materials and work meet requirements.
Practical check: Define acceptance criteria before work and keep traceable records.
Quantity takeoff ड्रॉइंग से सामग्री और काम की मात्रा निकालना
The measured list of work items and material quantities derived from drawings and specifications.
Practical check: Results depend on complete drawings, units, waste assumptions and scope.
Quarry dust पत्थर क्रशिंग से निकला बारीक चूर्ण
Fine stone particles produced during aggregate crushing, used only where a specification permits.
Practical check: Check grading, fines and intended use; it is not automatically a sand substitute.
R
Raft foundation पूरे क्षेत्र में फैली संयुक्त नींव स्लैब
A broad reinforced concrete foundation supporting several columns or walls over much of the building footprint.
Practical check: Requires geotechnical and structural design, settlement checks and detailing.
Rainwater harvesting वर्षा जल संग्रह और भूजल पुनर्भरण
Collecting roof or surface rainwater for storage or controlled recharge where suitable.
Practical check: Separate first flush and contamination; follow local groundwater rules.
Ready-mix concrete बैचिंग प्लांट से तैयार कंक्रीट
Concrete proportioned and mixed at a batching plant and delivered to site in a fresh state.
Practical check: Specify grade, workability and delivery limits; test and place promptly.
Reinforcement कंक्रीट को मजबूत करने वाली सरिया या जाली
Steel bars, mesh or other approved material embedded to carry tensile and other designed forces.
Practical check: Grade, size, spacing, cover, laps and anchorage must match drawings.
Retaining wall मिट्टी रोकने वाली दीवार
A structure designed to hold back soil or another material at different ground levels.
Practical check: Needs soil, water-pressure, stability and drainage design.
Ridge ढलानदार छत की सबसे ऊंची मिलान रेखा
The top horizontal line where two sloping roof surfaces meet.
Practical check: Detail weatherproof covering and ventilation where required.
Riser दो सीढ़ी पायदानों के बीच ऊर्ध्व ऊंचाई
The vertical component or height between consecutive stair treads.
Practical check: Keep risers uniform and within applicable safety requirements.
Rod binding सरिया बांधने का काम
Tying reinforcement bars at intersections so they stay in position during concrete placement.
Practical check: Tying does not correct wrong bar size, spacing, cover or anchorage.
Rubble masonry अनगढ़ या मोटे पत्थर की चिनाई
Masonry built with undressed or roughly dressed stones laid in mortar or, in limited traditions, dry.
Practical check: Bonding, hearting, through-stones and foundation must follow the specification.
RCC सरिया युक्त सीमेंट कंक्रीट
Reinforced cement concrete in which concrete and embedded reinforcement act together structurally.
Practical check: Structural RCC must follow approved design, quality control and curing.
Roof slope छत की ढाल
The inclination provided to a roof so it sheds water and suits its covering.
Practical check: Minimum slope depends on roof system, exposure and drainage detail.
S
Sand रेत या बालू
Fine mineral aggregate used in mortar, concrete, fill and finishing applications.
Practical check: Source, grading, silt and intended use must be checked.
Screed फर्श पर समतल करने वाली पतली परत
A placed layer used to create a level or sloped base for floor finishes or as a wearing surface when designed.
Practical check: Control thickness, bond, joints and curing for the selected system.
Sealant जोड़ या दरार सील करने वाला पदार्थ
A material used to seal a joint or gap against water, air, dust or movement.
Practical check: Choose chemistry for movement, substrate and exposure; prepare surfaces.
Septic tank मलजल का प्राथमिक उपचार टैंक
An underground chamber that separates and partly treats domestic sewage where no suitable sewer connection exists.
Practical check: Sizing, setbacks, ventilation, desludging and local approval are essential.
Shuttering कंक्रीट को आकार देने वाला अस्थायी सांचा
Temporary or permanent formwork that contains fresh concrete until it can support itself.
Practical check: Design supports, bracing, release and removal sequence safely.
Sill खिड़की खुलने का निचला क्षैतिज भाग
The lower horizontal surface or member at a window opening.
Practical check: Provide outward fall and drip or sealing to prevent water entry.
Slab फर्श या छत की संरचनात्मक प्लेट
A broad, relatively thin structural plate forming a floor, roof or platform.
Practical check: Thickness and reinforcement require structural design; do not rely on rules of thumb.
Soak pit मिट्टी में तरल रिसाने का गड्ढा
A porous underground pit that disperses suitable pretreated liquid into permeable soil.
Practical check: Not suitable everywhere; protect groundwater and follow setbacks and local rules.
Soil bearing capacity मिट्टी की सुरक्षित भार वहन क्षमता
The pressure soil can safely support under stated foundation and settlement conditions.
Practical check: Obtain project-appropriate geotechnical advice; nearby values are not proof.
Solar water heater सौर ऊर्जा से पानी गरम करने की प्रणाली
A system using solar collectors and storage to heat water.
Practical check: Check roof loads, anchorage, pressure, scald protection and backup arrangement.
Staircase मंजिलों के बीच सीढ़ियों की व्यवस्था
A system of flights, landings and guards that provides movement between levels.
Practical check: Geometry, headroom, width and guarding must meet safety and use needs.
Stirrup मुख्य सरिया को घेरने वाली बंद या मुड़ी सरिया
A transverse reinforcing bar that holds main bars and resists shear or confinement forces as designed.
Practical check: Diameter, spacing, hooks and location must match structural drawings.
Stone cladding सतह पर लगाई पत्थर की परत
A non-structural or engineered stone facing fixed to a wall or other substrate.
Practical check: Heavy or high-level cladding needs engineered anchors and movement detailing.
Structural drawing ढांचे की डिजाइन ड्रॉइंग
A drawing showing structural members, sizes, reinforcement, levels and details needed for construction.
Practical check: Use the latest approved revision and resolve conflicts before work.
Sump नीचे बना पानी संग्रह टैंक या गड्ढा
A low-level chamber that collects water for pumping, storage or drainage control.
Practical check: Provide structural design, safe access, cleaning, overflow and waterproofing.
Survey स्थान, स्तर और सीमाएं मापने की प्रक्रिया
Measurement and mapping of positions, levels, boundaries or site features.
Practical check: Legal boundary and precision work should use an authorized competent surveyor.
T
Terrazzo पत्थर चिप्स वाली घिसी फर्श सतह
A finish made from marble or other chips in a cementitious or resin binder, then ground and polished.
Practical check: Plan panels and movement joints; wet areas need slip consideration.
Termite treatment दीमक नियंत्रण उपचार
Preventive or corrective measures used to reduce termite entry and damage to a building.
Practical check: Use approved products and trained applicators; protect occupants, water and soil.
Tile adhesive टाइल चिपकाने का तैयार मिश्रण
A factory-formulated cementitious, dispersion or resin product used to bond tiles to a prepared substrate.
Practical check: Match adhesive to tile, substrate, location and movement; follow bed thickness.
Tile grout टाइल जोड़ों का भराव
A material used to fill and finish joints between tiles.
Practical check: Choose joint width and grout type for exposure; grout alone is not waterproofing.
Toe wall ढलान या किनारे के तल पर छोटी रोक दीवार
A low wall or support at the foot of a slope, embankment, cladding or fill.
Practical check: Purpose and loads vary; use a site-specific detail.
Topsoil ऊपरी उपजाऊ मिट्टी की परत
The organic-rich surface soil usually stripped and stored for landscaping rather than structural fill.
Practical check: Do not place organic topsoil beneath foundations or load-bearing fill.
Total station कोण, दूरी और निर्देशांक मापने का सर्वे यंत्र
An electronic surveying instrument combining angle and distance measurement to calculate positions.
Practical check: Use trained operators, calibrated equipment and independent checks.
Trap door निरीक्षण या प्रवेश के लिए छोटा खुलने वाला पैनल
A hinged or removable access panel in a floor, ceiling, roof or enclosure.
Practical check: Guard openings and provide safe load rating, locking and access.
Tread सीढ़ी का पैर रखने वाला क्षैतिज भाग
The horizontal walking surface of a stair step.
Practical check: Keep dimensions uniform and provide slip resistance.
Truss त्रिकोणीय सदस्यों वाला भार वहन ढांचा
A framework of connected members, often triangular, used to span roofs or other distances.
Practical check: Member sizes, connections, bracing and anchorage require engineering.
U
Undercoat अंतिम पेंट से पहले की मध्य परत
A coating applied between primer and finish coat to build opacity, smoothness or protection.
Practical check: Use a compatible system and observe drying and recoat times.
Underground tank भूमिगत पानी की टंकी
A tank built below ground for storing water or another permitted liquid.
Practical check: Needs structural, uplift, hygiene, access and waterproofing design.
Under-reamed pile फूले आधार वाली गहरी नींव पाइल
A cast-in-situ bored pile with one or more enlarged bulbs, often considered for certain expansive-soil conditions.
Practical check: Requires geotechnical and structural design plus controlled construction.
Universal beam मानकीकृत चौड़े फ्लैंज वाली स्टील बीम
A standardized rolled steel section with an I-shaped profile used as a structural beam.
Practical check: Section, grade, connection and fire or corrosion protection require design.
V
Vapour barrier जलवाष्प के प्रसार को रोकने वाली परत
A low-permeability layer used to control water-vapour movement through an assembly.
Practical check: Correct side and continuity depend on climate and assembly; wrong placement can trap moisture.
Veneer सजावटी पतली सतह परत
A thin layer of wood, stone or other finish bonded or fixed over a base material.
Practical check: Identify veneer type, substrate, adhesive and moisture exposure.
Ventilation ताज़ी हवा का नियंत्रित आवागमन
Supplying and removing air to control heat, moisture, odour and indoor pollutants.
Practical check: Combustion and enclosed spaces may require professional mechanical design.
Vitrified tile कम पानी सोखने वाली सघन टाइल
A dense factory-fired tile with low water absorption, used for floors and walls depending on type.
Practical check: Check size tolerance, slip rating, shade, substrate and correct adhesive.
Voltage drop तार में दूरी और भार के कारण वोल्टेज कमी
The reduction in voltage between supply and load caused by conductor impedance and current.
Practical check: Cable sizing and protective coordination require a competent electrician.
W
Wall chase दीवार में पाइप या तार के लिए काटा खांचा
A narrow channel cut or formed in a wall to route conduits or pipes.
Practical check: Do not chase structural members or weaken walls; coordinate depth and route.
Wall putty पेंट से पहले दीवार समतल करने की सामग्री
A fine compound applied over a sound prepared wall to reduce minor undulations before painting.
Practical check: It cannot cure dampness, cracks or weak plaster; fix causes first.
Water-cement ratio मिश्रण में पानी और सीमेंट के भार का अनुपात
The mass of water divided by the mass of cementitious material in a concrete or mortar mix.
Practical check: Adding unmeasured water can reduce performance; follow the approved mix.
Waterproofing पानी प्रवेश रोकने की प्रणाली
Materials and details working together to resist water entry through roofs, wet areas, basements or tanks.
Practical check: Diagnose source, prepare substrate, detail joints and test before covering.
Weep hole फंसा पानी निकालने का छोटा छेद
A small opening that lets water drain from behind a wall, cavity or retaining structure.
Practical check: Keep outlets open and combine with proper filter and drainage layers.
Welded wire mesh वेल्ड की हुई स्टील तार जाली
A factory-made grid of wires welded at intersections and used for specified reinforcement or fencing.
Practical check: Wire size, spacing, laps, cover and placement must match the design.
Wet area नियमित रूप से पानी वाली जगह
A room or zone such as a bathroom or wash area that is regularly exposed to water.
Practical check: Provide slope, waterproof upturns, sealed penetrations and testing.
Window sill खिड़की के नीचे की ढलानदार सतह या सदस्य
The lower horizontal part of a window opening, often shaped to drain water outward.
Practical check: Provide outward fall, projection or drip and sealed frame junctions.
Workability ताज़े मिश्रण को मिलाने, रखने और सघन करने की सहजता
How easily fresh concrete or mortar can be mixed, placed, compacted and finished without segregation.
Practical check: Do not increase workability by uncontrolled water addition.
Working drawing निर्माण के लिए विस्तृत समन्वित ड्रॉइंग
A dimensioned drawing carrying the information needed to execute and coordinate construction work.
Practical check: Build only from the current approved revision and resolve discrepancies.
X
X-bracing X आकार का तिरछा स्थिरता तंत्र
Two diagonal members crossing in an X to resist lateral movement in a frame.
Practical check: Connections and member forces require structural engineering.
XPS insulation एक्सट्रूडेड पॉलीस्टाइरीन कठोर इन्सुलेशन
A closed-cell rigid foam board used for thermal insulation in suitable wall, roof and floor assemblies.
Practical check: Address fire classification, UV exposure, compatibility and protected installation.
Y
Yield strength स्थायी विकृति शुरू होने का तनाव
The stress at which a material begins to deform permanently under the stated test definition.
Practical check: Use certified material values required by the structural design.
Yoke दो भागों को पकड़ने या जोड़ने वाला फ्रेम
A shaped frame or clamp that holds, guides or connects components; its exact meaning depends on the trade.
Practical check: Confirm the trade-specific part before selection or load use.
Z
Z-bar Z आकार की धातु सेक्शन
A metal section shaped like the letter Z, used for support, spacing, cladding or roof framing as designed.
Practical check: Section size, orientation, connection and corrosion protection require design.
Zero level काम के लिए तय मूल ऊंचाई संदर्भ
The agreed reference elevation from which other site levels are measured.
Practical check: Protect and cross-check the benchmark before transferring levels.
Zinc primer स्टील पर जंग रोकने वाला जस्ता युक्त प्राइमर
A zinc-containing protective primer used on suitably prepared steel as part of a coating system.
Practical check: Surface preparation and compatible topcoats determine protection.
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